Artificial George Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) began as the quest to create machines that could think for themselves and (perhaps) out-think humans: the holy grail of computing! Over the years, while still exploring the mechanisms that enable thought, AI has evolved into a more pragmatic discipline. AI uses different strategies to solve the complex practical problems that present themselves wherever computing technology is applied. Also, intelligence itself is now known to be too complex to be described by any single theory -- instead, a constellation of theories characterize the subject from different levels of abstraction. At the lowest levels, neural networks, genetic algorithms and other forms of computation aid understanding of adaptation, perception, embodiment, and interaction with the physical world. On a more abstract level, designers of expert systems, intelligent agents, stochastic models, and natural language understanding programs reflect the role of knowledge and social processes in creating, transmitting and sustaining knowledge. Further, logicians propose deduction, abduction, induction, truth-maintenance, and other models and modes for reasoning. In this fourth edition, George Luger touches on all these levels of structures and strategies for complex problem solving, as well as conveying excitement for the study of intelligence itself. He shows how to use many different software tools and techniques for addressing the complex problems that challenge the modern computer scientist.

This comprehensive collection of twenty-nine readings covers artificial intelligence from its historical roots to current research directions and practice. With its helpful critique of the selections, extensive bibliography, and clear presentation of the material, Computation and Intelligence will be a useful adjunct to any course in AI as well as a handy reference for professionals in the field. The book is divided into five parts. The first part contains papers that present or discuss foundational ideas linking computation and intelligence, typified by A. M. Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". The second part, Knowledge Representation, presents a sampling of the numerous representational schemes - by Newell, Minsky, Collins and Quillian, Winograd, Schank, Hayes, Holland, McClelland, Rumelhart, Hinton, and Brooks. The third part, Weak Method Problem Solving, focuses on the research and design of syntax based problem solvers, including the most famous of these, the Logic Theorist and GPS. The fourth part, Reasoning in Complex and Dynamic Environments, presents a broad spectrum of the AI communities' research in knowledge-intensive problem solving, from McCarthy's early design of systems with "common sense" to model based reasoning. The two concluding selections, by Marvin Minsky and by Herbert Simon, respectively, present the recent thoughts of two of AI's pioneers who revisit the concepts and controversies that have developed during the evolution of the tools and techniques that make up the current practice of artificial intelligence.

International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence - International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) is a no-profit organization incorporated in California. Its major activity is organizing the biennial International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, the premier international gathering of artificial intelligence researchers and practitioners.

Friendly artificial intelligence - In future studies, Friendly Artificial Intelligence, or FAI is a model for creating moral and "safe" artificial intelligence, in accordance with the principles of Friendliness theory, advanced by researcher Eliezer Yudkowsky and the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence. Friendliness is used as a term of art distinct from the everyday meaning of the term.

MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory - The MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory was an interdisciplinary research entity at MIT which became one of the most influential and accomplished in the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics. Research at MIT in the field of Artificial Intelligence began in 1959.

Distributed artificial intelligence - Distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) was a subfield of Artificial intelligence research dedicated to the development of distributed solutions for complex problems regarded as requiring intelligence. These days DAI has been largely supplanted by the field of Multi-Agent Systems.

artificialgeorgeintelligence

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